Sen. Dick Lugar Slams Obama over War Powers Authority
Senator Richard G. Lugar, the Republican Leader of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, prepared the following remarks for a committee hearing Tuesday on the legality of President Obama’s war in Libya.
I thank Chairman Kerry for meeting to consider the legal and Constitutional basis for ongoing U.S. military operations in Libya. The President declined to seek Congressional authorization before initiating hostilities. Subsequently, he has carried them out for more than three months without seeking or receiving Congressional authorization.
This state of affairs is at odds with the Constitution, and it is at odds with the President’s own pronouncements on war powers during his presidential candidacy. For example, in December 2007, he responded to a Boston Globe question by saying: “The President does not have power under the Constitution to unilaterally authorize a military attack in a situation that does not involve stopping an actual or imminent threat to the nation.”
Before our discussion turns to Constitutional and legal issues, I believe it is important to make a more fundamental point. Even if one believes that the President somehow had the legal authority to initiate and continue U.S. military operations in Libya, it does not mean that going to war without Congress was either wise or helpful to the operation.
The vast majority of members of Congress, constitutional scholars, and military authorities would endorse the view that Presidents should seek Congressional authorization for war when circumstances allow. There is a near uniformity of opinion that the chances for success in a war are enhanced by the unity, clarity of mission, and constitutional certainty that such an authorization and debate provide.
There was no good reason why President Obama should have failed to seek Congressional authorization to go to war in Libya. A few excuses have been offered ranging from an impending Congressional recess to the authority provided by a UN Security Council Resolution. But these excuses do not justify the President’s lack of Constitutional discipline. Twelve days before the United States launched hostilities I called for the President to seek a declaration of war before taking military action. The Arab League resolution, which is cited as a key event in calculations on the war was passed a full week before we started launching cruise missiles. There was time to seek Congressional approval, and Congress would have debated a war resolution if the President had presented one.
Basic Leaf Structure - News
A single red leaf, as if casually fallen from a tree, is the only adornment. After this opening of the senses, we cross the threshold to the appetizer. Each guest receives a tray of edible, miniature sculptures. "Every morsel on every dish is visually
Nor does the fig leaf that American pilots are flying a minority of the missions within the coalition justify the contention that we are not engaged in hostilities, especially since US participation enables most of the operations underway.
The Harappans borrowed some of the basic cultural elements from Kot Diji. The Harappan decorated designs such as the “fish scale “ intersecting circles and the pipal leaf pattern were evolved from the Kot Dijian decorated elements like the
(email reference) The first year, leave every bit of leaf area on the tree. Every leaf is making carbs for the roots to expand and grow into the surrounding soil to mine the elements needed for more vegetative growth. Next spring, you can begin the
However, the idea of having a pupil premium is a fig leaf to hide the cuts that the Liberals and the Conservatives are imposing on education in England, and which they would also impose in Wales, because that is their overall funding programme.
This Side UP: Science: Learning about Plants, Lesson 5: Leaves
When we got home, we examined and compared our leaves, talking about similarities and differences in shape, color, structure (i.e., parallel vs. palmate vein structure), size, etc. We chose examples to draw and labeled the main parts (midrib, veins, margin, blade, tip, petiole). We chose some leaves to press and started that process (placed them between layers of newspaper and set heavy books on top--will check on them in a couple of weeks) and then had fun doing more leaf rubbings. Our next lesson focused on photosynthesis. We had already discussed that the function of a leaf is to produce food for the plant, so now we talked about the process. Again, we read about it in What Is a Plant?, and then they watched this animated clip about photosynthesis. Then we sat down and drew and labeled our own photosynthesis diagrams. Connor did most of the work on his own with only a few suggestions from me about where to put labels and draw arrows. I wrote for Brennan and helped him some, but he got quite a bit of it on his own.
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An Introduction to Plant Structure and Development, Plant Anatomy for the Twenty-First Century
Basic leaf structure Although diverse in morphology and anatomy, all leaves share many features in common. The leaves of many seed plants consist of a ...Imaging spectrometry, basic principles and prospective applications
4.2 GREEN LEAF STRUCTURE Although plant leaves present numerous anatomical structures, the basic elements are the same, and the variability of the leaf ...Basic mechanisms in plant morphogenesis, report of symposium held June 4-6, 1973
The purpose of this paper is to review some aspects of the role of leaf structure in photosynthetic adaptation to ecologically diverse environments. ...Basic botany, an introduction to the science of botany
LEAF STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGY The Leaf as a Photosynthetic Organ. Any part of a plant that is supplied with water and carbon dioxide and which contains ...Light gauge metal structures, recent advances
1 Single leaf structures A heavy structure provides better sound insulation than a light one (the mass law) so that the basic rule for single leaf ...Help Guide Directory
Plant Structure
Diagram of leaf structure. Note the arrangement of tissue layers within the leaf. ... Xylem cells tend to conduct water and minerals from roots to leaves. ...
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Each plant has a basic limb, branch, and leaf structure ... 1. A leaf must "capture" sunlight for photosynthesis (and as it does this it may also absorb a great deal of heat! ...
Leaf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The shape and structure of leaves varies considerably depending on ... A leaf with laminar structure and pinnate venation. Two basic forms of leaves can be ...
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Leaf Structure. Name. Date. Class. Use with Chapter 23, Section 23.2. Basic Concepts. Basic ... between the structures of a leaf and their functions. • Emphasize the ...