Reflection And Refraction Of Light

Knowledge: Islam or Western? (II)

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Ad-Dinowaris Encyclopaedia Botanica was written and published long before the first translation into Arabic of Greek works on Botany. Silberberg admits that  ad-Danowari’s work far surpassed Greek works in Botany by Discrorides and Theophrastus even after a thousand years of study (Sliberberg, Zeitchrift fuer Assyriologie, 1910).

He was not the only Muslim botanist, we have great men like Al-Ghafiqi (died 1165) who wrote al-Adwiyagh al-Mufradah (on Simples), Ibn ul-Baytar (died 1248) was also a foremost herbalist who wrote al-Muyhni fil-Adwiyyah al-Mufrack (Materia Medica) while al-Janu wrote Fil-Adwiyyah al-Mufradah (Simple Remedies).

In Geography and Topography, the Muslims had al-Idrisi (died 1166) who made the first map of the world which is still very similar to the world map made by modern cartologists. He went ahead to divide the world into seven regions according to parallel lines. His book, Nuzhat ul-Mushtaq fil Ikhtirak ul-Afaq (The Path for the exploration of the Horizons) remained the sole geographical reference in Europe for three centuries. It is on record that al-Idrisi prepared the map for King Roger of Sicily (1101-1154) in which he surprisingly proved exact and precise. ) H. Hamidullah, Introduction to Islam).

We have al-Batri who was the best geographer of the tenth century, Ibn Jabayr (born 1145) was a well known globe-trotter who authored the Rihlah (The Trip), Al-Mazini (1080-1170) went to Russia in 1136. Ibn Battuta (1304-1377) was the Muslim globe trotter of the Middle Ages who travelled to Cylon, Bengal, China, Constantinople, and the interior of Africa in 1353.

According to Encyclopaedia Britannical, “Muslim Scholars calculated the angle of the ecliptic, measured the size of the Earth, calculated the precession of the Equinoxes, invented the pendulum clock, explained in the field of optics and physics, such phenomena as refraction of light, gravity, capillary attraction and twilight, used the globe in teaching the geography of a round earth, and developed observations for the empirical study of the heavenly bodies.

In Optics, al-kindi in the ninth century wrote the Book of Rays which was far in advance of the Greek lore of the incendiary mirrors. Ibn ul-Haitham (died 1039) was a brilliant optician. He was the first to draw the eye and the first to detail the phenomenon of reflection and expansion he researched into the enlargement of pictures, their reflection, accumulation and the formation of colours.

Look at the six energy-efficient doors and windows of glass or ...

Wooden walls and doors and windows in the glass is hard to replace the most important material, of course, the discovery of glass technology offers a number of options, but will put a variety of lighting the main functional requirements of the glass curtain wall, the subject is not simple, energy-saving glass for contribution can not be ignored, energy-saving glass, the glass itself has the final analysis, without reflection, transmission, scattering, and concentrating features, the use of light reflection, refraction, scattering, and condenser Xiyong the average distribution of indoor light to avoid sun glare, prevent heat radiation will play a major role.

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Heat-absorbing glass: you can either absorb or reflect specific wavelengths in the solar spectrum, heat-absorbing glass is transparent glass coloring agent added to the tinted glass. While the thermal resistance of heat-absorbing glass, coated glass and superior to ordinary clear glass, but because the process of secondary radiation to the indoor heat release more heat-absorbing and light are often contradictory, so the heat-absorbing glass insulation function subject to certain limitations. Moreover, a heat-absorbing glass absorbs the heat sector departments will still have a disproportionate spread indoors. Therefore, when the combined effect of shrapnel is not ideal when used.

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Heat-reflective coating glass: optical properties that reflect heat radiation, reflectivity, and once identified the projected rate particularly after its one-way characteristic bulge. That environmental change can only be content with building department requirements, such as seasonal changes in thermal resistance and heat absorption requirements. Moreover, heat-reflective coating and heat-absorbing glass, heat-resistant function is the cost at the expense of light transmission, in most cases not conducive to natural light.

Low-E glass: The surface radiation is low, high infrared reflectance. Absorbing less heat is low, secondary low heat radiation, in addition, light transmission rate at 33% -72%, the shading coefficient of 1. 25-0. 68 to choose between. However, LOW-E glass, heat radiation is still directional reflective questions, the experiments show that: Mo surface regardless of LOW-E insulating glass in the second or third side surface, wear thermal conductivity test results only when the winter and summer bands a difference of 2%. Conclusion is that by blocking the role of thermal radiation has nothing to do with the season.

Light Reflection and Refraction

College Physics

Essential AS Physics for OCR

A Treatise on the Reflection and Refraction of light, being Part I. of a System of Optics

On the theory of the reflection and refraction of light, academic dissertation for acquiring the degree of Doctor in the Mathematical and Physical Sciences and Leyden University